http://dspace.ufdpar.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/84 2026-04-07T09:27:34Z http://dspace.ufdpar.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/828 Título: Malformações Congênitas Da Fossa Posterior: Uma Revisão Das Características Clínicas E Radiológicas Por Meio De Um Guia Ilustrado Autor(es): Souza, Wallyson Pablo De Oliveira Abstract: Congenital malformations of the posterior fossa (PF) encompass a wide spectrum of morphological anomalies that arise during embryonic development. This paper provides a narrative review of these most common disorders from a morphological approach based on the division into cystic (Dandy-Walker malformation, Blake’s Pouch cyst, mega cisterna magna, arachnoid cyst, and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia) and non-cystic malformations (Joubert syndrome, rhomboencephalosynapsis, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia). The embryogenesis of PF structures is briefly outlined. While magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred modality for evaluation, computerized tomography and ultrasonography serve complementary roles. In conjunction with clinical aspects, specific radiological features, such as cerebellar vermis morphology, Torcular Herophili position, and the presence/absence of mass effect, are highlighted for accurate diagnosis. We also present some typical radiological findings in non-cystic malformations, such as molar tooth sign, diamond- shaped fourth ventricle, and dragonfly-shaped cerebellum. This comprehensive review aims to assist radiologists, neuropediatricians, and general neurologists in recognizing and describing PF malformations, thereby facilitating appropriate management strategies. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba Tipo: Artigo de Periódico 2025-09-24T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ufdpar.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/805 Título: Abordagens Terapêuticas Baseadas Em Evidências Para Transtornos De Ansiedade Em Crianças Menores De 12 Anos: Uma Revisão Integrativa Da Literatura (2020–2025) Autor(es): Freires, Vinicius Souza Primeiro Orientador: Corrêa Filho, João Maria Abstract: Anxiety disorders in children under 12 years of age are highly prevalent and significantly impact emotional and social development. This study consists of an integrative literature review aimed at identifying the main therapeutic approaches used in treating anxiety disorders in this age group, focusing on evidence published between 2020 and 2025. The search was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, LILACS, Cochrane, and Science Direct databases, using Portuguese and English descriptors combined with Boolean operators. A total of 18 studies were included after applying eligibility criteria. Findings indicate that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most scientifically supported intervention, considered the first-line treatment, particularly when adapted to the child’s developmental level. Pharmacological treatments, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), were effective in moderate to severe cases, though concerns remain about safety and off-label use. Complementary therapies, such as mindfulness and yoga, showed promising results as adjunctive interventions. A multimodal approach, integrating psychosocial interventions, pharmacotherapy, and family involvement, yielded the best outcomes regarding adherence and clinical effectiveness. It is concluded that treating anxiety disorders in children should be individualized, taking into account variables such as age, comorbidities, family context, and resource availability. Current evidence reinforces the importance of integrated strategies, particularly in settings with limited access to specialized care. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2025-07-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ufdpar.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/795 Título: Relação entre a obesidade infantil e doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica Autor(es): Pereira, Bruna Maria De Carvalho Primeiro Orientador: Britto, Laise Cajubá Almeida Abstract: Objective: To understand the relationship between childhood obesity and Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (DHGNA), by gathering content that expands the theme of this review. Methods: This is an integrative review, based on the PubMed and SCIELO research platform, using the descriptors "Childhood obesity" and "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" and "steatosis" and the Boolean operator “AND” and “OR”, with articles published from 2018 to 2024, in English, that were more relevant and current. In the total analysis, 10 articles were counted to be included as the basis of this. Results: DHGNA in children and adolescents is a complex pathogenesis, in which there are multifactorial predispositions that can alter lipid and sugar metabolism in the liver. It is underdiagnosed and children with obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes, pre-diabetes, central adiposity and dyslipidemia should be screened. Early diagnosis and management will be the only way to tackle the disease. Changing lifestyle remains the cornerstone of treatment for DHGNA. Final considerations: Long-term studies are suggested to improve diagnosis and drug intervention, in order to have greater health promotion for children and impact on adult life. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2025-07-12T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ufdpar.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/793 Título: O que esperar quando se está sperando (em uma pandemia)? gestação e parto durante a pandemia de Covid-19 Autor(es): Araújo, Andressa Lianna Soares De Carvalho Araújo Primeiro Orientador: Carvalho, Lana Veras de Abstract: In March 2020, the World Health Organization classified COVID-19 as a pandemic. This emergency situation triggered a series of actions aimed at reducing transmission of the virus and controlling its consequences, especially in at-risk groups, including pregnant women. In this group, psychological consequences were evident, triggered primarily by social isolation and uncertainty about the infection. Therefore, this research aimed to understand the experiences of pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we used a qualitative methodology with narrative interviews, using the theoretical saturation method to determine the sample. The narratives were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted individually with eight participants who used public health services. At the end of the research, it was possible to observe that the COVID-19 pandemic intensified anxiety, loneliness, and overwhelm among the participants, exacerbating mental health problems due to fear, hospital restrictions, and social isolation. Family and social support was limited, negatively impacting maternal well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted pregnant and postpartum women physically, mentally, and socially. Therefore, the results reinforce the importance of specific perinatal policies for crisis contexts and future health emergencies. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2025-07-08T00:00:00Z