A linha deo tempo dos principais marcos da esofagite eosinofílica dos séculos XX e XXI: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disease with high eosinophil infiltration in the esophageal mucosa, associated with dysphagia in adults and symptoms similar to gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. This work aims to identify and organize a timeline with the main milestones related to eosinophilic esophagitis, through the most cited publications from 1964 to 2025. A search was conducted using the PubMed API with the following query: “(esophageal eosinophilia) OR (eosinophilic esophagitis)”, returning 4875 articles. For data filtering, the number of citations was used, obtained from Europe PubMed Central. Citation count was considered as a marker of historical impact, and the top 2% most cited articles were included for initial analysis, totaling 97 articles. With the application of exclusion criteria, 25 articles were removed. After full reading of all articles, it was deemed necessary to add 5 articles outside the original scope, totaling 77 articles. The results showed diagnostic advances such as the need for multiple biopsies, advances in characterization (consensus), functional evaluation (EndoFLIP), endoscopic (EREFS), and histological (EoEHSS) assessments. In addition, there were advances related to treatment such as elimination diets, elemental formulas, proton pump inhibitors, corticosteroids, and biologics. The evolution of eosinophilic esophagitis was also observed, initially being an inflammatory disease and later becoming a mixed inflammatory and fibrotic disease. However, the development of non-invasive assessment methods, antifibrotic therapies, and identification of more environmental allergens triggering EoE is still necessary.