Custo da cesta básica de alimentos em Parnaíba-Pi e o seu impacto no salário mínimo: uma análise do nível de preços em 2024 e 2025

Abstract

This study analyzes the feasibility of the minimum wage in ensuring the acquisition of the basic food basket and guaranteeing food security for the population of Parnaíba-PI, Brazil. The research considered the monthly prices of the basic food basket from November 2024 to May 2025, as well as a comparison between the current minimum wage and the necessary minimum wage calculated by the Inter-Union Department of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies (DIEESE). For this purpose, primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed, with emphasis on price data gathered through in-person visits to supermarkets in Parnaíba, allowing for the calculation of the actual cost of the basic food basket in the municipality. Subsequently, a nutritional evaluation of the basket's composition was conducted based on previous studies and dietary intake recommendations, in order to assess its adequacy in relation to food security. The results showed that the cost of the basic food basket consumed approximately 40% of the monthly minimum wage, and that the necessary minimum wage was, on average, five times higher than the nominal wage. The nutritional analysis revealed imbalances in the composition of the basket, with an excess of calories and deficiencies in essential nutrients such as calcium and vitamin A. Furthermore, significant price variations were observed for certain products, such as coffee and tomatoes, directly impacting the budgets of local families. Despite the existence of public policies aimed at food security, the data demonstrate that challenges remain in ensuring full and adequate access to food, highlighting the need for more effective policies and a revision of the basic food basket’s composition.