Levantamento epidemiológico dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em estudantes da UFDPar e sua correlação com as políticas de isolamento durante a pandemia da covid 19

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is characterized by the difficulty of acting insulin produced by the pancreas. The increased risk is mainly related to unhealthy eating and lifestyle habits and family history, measures that contrast with the lifestyle of college students, driven by a high study load, stress and irregular eating routine. Objective: To carry out an epidemiological analysis of risk factors for the development of DM2 in university students at UFDPAR, correlating lifestyle habits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study, carried out between September 2020 and June 2021 with undergraduates from the Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar). Among the criteria used, the following stand out: being an active undergraduate student with current enrollment, being between 18 and 35 years old, answering the questionnaire completely; not be diagnosed with DM. The applied questionnaire was adapted to the Google Form platform and was based on the FINDRISK protocol, which, through 8 objective questions, evaluates, applying a score to each answer, the risk of developing DM2 in the next 10 years, in addition, were added in Another topic is questions related to students' living habits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Of the 252 participants, 67.06% are female, predominantly aged between 20 and 25 years (76.19%). It was observed that overweight and obesity were present in 25.4% of the students, whereas the sedentary ones were the majority with 148 (58.73%) cases. The excessive workload of studies, associated with psychological stress and a deregulated sleep-wake cycle lead to significant changes in diet and physical exercise. Of the unavoidable risk factors, 189 (75%) reported a family history of DM2, with 58 (23.01%) in close relatives (parents, siblings or children). Data that, associated with environmental factors, increase the risk of falling ill from chronic diseases. With regard to lifestyle habits during the isolation period, 30% of students started to eat more processed foods and 58% reported weight gain during the pandemic, while 32% reported eating healthy. Conclusion: A sedentary lifestyle, followed by overweight and inadequate nutrition, emerge as the most important predisposing factors for DM2 in the next 10 years, aggravated in the pandemic period due to the psychosocial experiences acquired therein.