Cesariana e infecção. quais os principais aspectos apontados na literatura sobre a infecção pós-operatória. Revisão de literatura

Abstract

The indication for caesarean operation is widely discussed in the medical literature, and its main justification is the presence of emergency risks to the health of the woman or the fetus. In the current context, the number of cesarean surgeries is gaining prominence as the preferred route for birth, both in Brazil and in other countries. For patients undergoing surgery, it is common for their "skin integrity" to be compromised, with changes in the epidermis and/or dermis due to the destruction of skin layers, invasion of body structures and disruption of the skin surface. In most cases observed, the development of an infection is associated with several factors, such as advanced age, previous history of skin infection, obesity, smoking and the presence of chronic conditions, such as uncontrolled diabetes. The present study is an integrative review of the literature with the objective of analyzing the main aspects described in the scientific literature involving infection in the postoperative period in women undergoing cesarean section. 13 articles published in the last 10 years were selected, from April to July 2023, using the descriptors in Portuguese and English. It was possible to identify several risk factors for the development of an infection after surgery, such as obesity, advanced age, diabetes, among others described in the studies. According to the analysis carried out, it is concluded that care and prevention should be widely used during and after the cesarean surgery procedure, in order to reduce the risks of postoperative infection. It is important that health professionals know the risk factors and take measures to prevent the development of the condition, aiming to guarantee a better prognosis for patients undergoing the procedure and their baby.