Avaliação do potencial do uso do ágar extraído de Graciliaria domingensis na elaboração de filmes biodegradáveis

Abstract

The increased demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics has encouraged the development of biodegradable films from natural biopolymers. In this context, agar, extracted from red algae of the genus Gracilaria, stands out for its gelling properties and versatility. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of agar extracted from Gracilaria domingensis algae, collected on Barra Grande beach, in Cajueiro da Praia-PI, in the production of biodegradable films. The algae were subjected to two extraction methods: artisanal and chemical. The films were produced with different concentrations of agar (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%). The physical and chemical properties of the algae (pH, moisture, and dry residue) were evaluated, as well as the characteristics of the films, such as density, thickness, water and oil retention capacity, and their biodegradability in soil over 9 days. The films showed visual and structural differences depending on the concentration and method used. Artisanal extraction obtained a higher yield (23%) compared to chemical extraction (5%). Films with lower concentrations were more transparent and thinner, while those with higher concentrations were denser and thicker. Degradation in soil was observed in all treatments, demonstrating the biodegradable nature of the films. The data obtained indicate characteristics compatible with materials used in the production of packaging, demonstrating a good response to the proposed analyses.