Utilização de Sondas de Pna e Lna em Biossensores Eletroquímicos: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura

Abstract

Electrochemical DNA biosensors represent a major advance compared to traditional methods of detecting biomolecules. They are sensitive, specific, practical and provide quick answers. The PNA and LNA molecules have been used in biosensors mainly due to their high affinity of hybridization with complementary target sequences, demonstrating properties superior to those of natural nucleic acids. This review aims to analyze the scientific literature in order to gather studies that address the use of modified oligonucleotides PNA and LNA as components of electrochemical biosensors, analyzing their construction strategies and the implications of using PNA and LNA for their performance. For this, computerized bibliographic research was performed using the Pubmed database, in the time frame from 2015 to 2020. The search resulted in a total of 44 studies. After filtering, 28 articles remain in this review. The selected studies demonstrated how the PNA and LNA probes can be useful to improve the sensitivity, specificity and stability of the biosensors for the diagnosis of diseases, the detection of pathogens and biomarkers, in addition to applications also in environmental monitoring and food safety. The different strategies of construction of the probe and electrodes combined with the choice of amplification methods served to explore more effectively the properties of PNA and LNA.