Atualização sobre o princípio da irradiação pelo método de facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: PNF is a global treatment method with a positive therapeutic approach. The primary objective of this technique is to improve the patient’s functionality through patterns of diagonal and spiral movements, stimulating muscle and joint proprioceptors. Through the principle of irradiation, it is possible to amplify the response of synergistic muscles of the same joint and adjacent joints through active muscle contraction triggered by appropriate resistance, giving patients numerous benefits. Objective: To compile and synthesize the findings of the scientific literature published in the last decade regarding irradiation by Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation. Methods: The data search was carried out in December 2024. Three databases were used: Pubmed, Embase and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). Results: The results of the review highlight the effects of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation technique on the induction of muscle irradiation in different contexts and clinical conditions. One of the studies demonstrated that the application of PNF patterns resulted in significant muscle recruitment during the sit-to-stand task. Another study indicated that force irradiation was more effective during maximum effort tasks and it varies according to the diagonal and gender of the participants. Two studies obtained positive results from the application of irradiation in post-stroke patients, although they had a limited sample for the research. Discussion: Studies show the effectiveness of PNF in inducing muscle irradiation and improving muscle recruitment. Although the effectiveness of PNF has been demonstrated in several studies, there are limitations in its methodologies, such as small samples and lack of control groups, and the need for more research is mentioned to confirm and deepen the results and better understand the effectiveness of PNF in different populations and contexts. Conclusion: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation is highlighted as an effective technique to promote contralateral force irradiation, improve muscle activation and contribute to rehabilitation after neuromuscular injuries.